Answer :
The charge of gardens was often given to the **caliph or the sultan** in historical contexts. These rulers held authority over various aspects of governance, including the management of gardens which were important for both practical and aesthetic purposes.
1. **Caliph or Sultan:** The caliphs or sultans, who were powerful rulers in Islamic civilizations, were commonly entrusted with the responsibility of overseeing gardens. These gardens were not only places of beauty but also served practical purposes such as providing food, medicinal plants, and respite from the heat.
2. **Ulama (the religious scholars):** In some cases, religious scholars or ulama might have also been involved in overseeing gardens, especially those associated with religious institutions or scholars' residences. Their involvement could vary depending on the specific context and practices of a particular community.
3. **Farmers:** While farmers played a crucial role in cultivating and maintaining gardens, the overall supervision and management of larger, more elaborate gardens were often under the purview of rulers like the caliph or sultan.
Overall, the charge of gardens being given to the caliph or sultan reflects the importance placed on these spaces in historical Islamic societies and the central role of rulers in their administration and upkeep.
