Answer :
Final answer:
Natural selection and adaptation drive the survival of species in changing environments, leading to the development of beneficial traits. Convergent evolution explains how unrelated species in similar habitats can evolve similar characteristics. Human diversity, including skin color variation, reflects adaptations to different environments influenced by evolutionary processes.
Explanation:
Natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin, plays a crucial role in the adaptation of species to their environments. This process leads to the survival of individuals with advantageous traits, such as the white fur of polar bears in the Arctic, as they are better suited to thrive in their surroundings. Species that do not possess these beneficial adaptations may struggle to survive or reproduce successfully, ultimately leading to their decline or extinction.
Furthermore, the concept of convergent evolution highlights how unrelated species in similar environments develop similar traits, like the seasonal white coverings of the arctic fox and ptarmigan. This phenomenon occurs due to comparable selection pressures favoring certain characteristics for survival.
Evolutionary biology and population genetics provide insights into the diverse physical traits among human populations. Skin color distribution across different latitudes demonstrates how adaptations to varying environments have shaped human diversity over time, showcasing the interconnectedness between natural selection and environmental factors.
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