### Passage for Context
Group hoped to reach New Orleans on May 17, the seven-year decision. Each of the riders knew the dangers involved in participating: "We were told that the racists, the segregationists, would go to any extent to hold the line on segregation in interstate travel," James Farmer noted. "So when we began the ride I think all of us were prepared for as much violence as could be thrown at us. We were prepared for the possibility of death."
[From The Civil Rights Movement - Striving for Justice by Tim McNeese.]

### Questions
3.1.1 Name TWO leaders who revived freedom rides in 1961. (2 x 1)

3.1.2 Define the term "Freedom Rides" in your own words.

3.1.3 Quote TWO reasons from the source why the earlier protest-on-wheels failed. (2 x 1)

3.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how the Freedom Rides violated the racial laws relating to interstate bus travel in the USA. (2 x 2)

3.1.5 Explain what is implied by the following statement: "So when we began the ride I think all of us were prepared for as much violence as could be thrown at us." (2 x 1)



Answer :

Final answer:

The answer outlines leaders of the 1961 Freedom Rides, defines the concept, explains reasons for earlier protests' failure, delves into the violation of racial laws, and analyzes the riders' preparedness for violence.


Explanation:

Freedom Rides in 1961:

1. Leaders who revived freedom rides:

  • James Farmer
  • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and SNCC

2. Definition of Freedom Rides: The Freedom Rides were bus journeys undertaken by white and black activists to protest segregation on interstate transportation, defying state laws.

3. Reasons why earlier protests failed: Riders faced violence from racists defending segregation laws, such as beatings and bus burnings.

4. Violation of racial laws: The Freedom Rides challenged segregation by integrating buses and terminals, violating Jim Crow laws.

5. Implication of preparedness for violence: Riders were mentally prepared for violent opposition, including the risk of death.


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